05

During the advent of the Industrial Revolution,  widespread(=p__________)  social acceptance of child labor meant that children made up a large percentage of those who moved from the farm to the factory. In 1833, nearly two-thirds of the factory workers in Leeds, a major industrial center in England, were under the age of 15. England was hardly the only nation where children formed a majority of the factory w_________. As the Industrial Revolution spread throughout Europe and the United States, so did(=      ) this new form of child labor. Child labor in Industrial Revolution factories, however, quickly proved to be far less benign than child labor on the homestead. With no legal safeguards, children 〈working in the factories of this time〉 were little more than the property of indifferent factory owners.  It was typical for a child to work more than ten hours a day under miserable conditions for 30 to 40 percent of the wages for an adult. Furthermore, children were subjected to harsh punishments when they failed to keep pace with older workers. Children were routinely whipped, dunked in cold water, and subjected to other inhumane punishments when they failed to meet(의미는?) their work quotas. Children 〈who tried to run away to escape such treatment〉 were occasionally chained to their work stations.

분수 of 단수 + 단수 동사 / 분수 of 복수 + 복수동사 (수일치 주의)

ex) Two thirds of water in Chernovyl is polluted by radiometric materials.

So +V +S ( ~또한 그렇다)

Neither(nor) + V + S ( ~또한 그렇지 않다-부정문)

2. nothing (no) more than : 단지 ~에 불과한(=only)

nothing less  than =no other than= nothing short of : 바로 그것(=exactly)

3. fail to =cannot

4.advent = emergence

benign = benevolent

quotas = share

어휘 |  advent 도래, 출현    widespread 널리 퍼진    acceptance 수용    workforce 노동력    benign 양호한, 인자한    homestead 농장 property 소유물, 재산    indifferent 무관심한    wage 임금, 봉급    be subjected to ~을 당하다    punishment 처벌 routinely 일상적으로    whip 채찍질하다    dunk (무엇을 물 속에) 빠뜨리다    inhumane 비인간적인    quota 할당량    treatment 대우