The Influence of Greece on the Roman Republic

Two of the greatest civilizations in the ancient world were Greece and Rome. While culturally far a______, by the time the Romans had seized / seized control of the entire Italian peninsula and founded their republic, the Greeks were already having a lasting impact on them. This influence was further boosted when the Romans conquered Greece in the second century B.C. and imported m_________ of Greek slaves to Rome.

1.They permitted the practice of slavery during the time of the republic. T/F

2. They allowed captured Greeks to have direct roles in their government. T/F

Over time, the Romans came to e_______ the Greeks in many fields, including literature, science, education, religion, art, architecture, and philosophy. The Romans may have conquered the Greeks in battle, but, ultimately, the Greeks dramatically influenced their Roman masters.

Rome was founded on seven hills alongside the Tiber River around when the Greeks were dominating / dominated the eastern part of the Mediterranean Sea. In the eighth century B.C., Greek colonists began establishing city-states modeled on those? at home in both southern Italy and Sicily, and these city-states served as the places of first c_______ between the Greeks and the f________ Romans. At that time, there existed a tremendous gap between the two cultures. Most Romans were hardworking farmers wary of the literate, artistic, and intellectual Greeks, who took pleasure in the d_________ aspects of life. ( → Romans lived lives that were quite different than / the same as  those led by the Greeks.) Despite these feelings, some Greek influence began feeling / being felt in Rome. Exchanges between the Greek city-states and Rome were initially mostly made by merchants; however, after the Romans s_________ the Italian peninsula by the beginning of the third century B.C., Greek and Roman contact became more direct.

Art dealers found a ready market for these items in the form of wealthy Romans residing in and around Rome.

Among the earliest Greek influences were in the arts and architecture. Romans in the early years of the republic were enamored of Greek art, and by the third century B.C., they were importing / exporting Greek sculptures and paintings. ❶Soon afterward, they were imitating some Greek artistic styles. ❷For instance, the Romans adopted the Greek technical aspects of creating sculptures, yet they tended more toward making r________ sculptures of people whereas Greek sculptures concentrated more on beauty and form.(mentions the aspect of the Greek sculptures that the Greeks emphasized the most.) ❸This desire to imitate Hellenic methods extended to the field of a_________. ❹Roman builders copied Greek columns and similarly built grand temples. (        ), the Romans added their own stylistic elements and also came up with the dome and the arch, two architectural achievements never e________ by the Greeks.

A_________ the greatest i__________ / the Greeks had upon the Romans / came in the field of e__________. Among the slaves taken to Rome after the conquest of Greece was / were numerous teachers, who / that became the tutors of the children of the Roman elites. In time, these children, who had learned / learned the Greek language as well as Greek history and literature, joined the leadership of the republic. (→Greek teachers influenced the Romans because they taught many Romans who went on to have positions in the g_________.) Future generations came to revere having a Greek education so much that they sent their sons to Athens to be schooled / school and therefore caused Athens to transform into a center of education in the eastern Mediterranean. The Greek language became the language of education in the Roman Republic and later in the empire. Many Romans were so inspired by the Greeks that they aspired to become writers and attempted to follow in the f_________ of noted Greeks such as Homer and Herodotus. Among these men were Plautus, Terence, Lucretius, and the greatest of all Roman writers and the author of the epic poem the Aeneid, Virgil.

The Greeks further heavily influenced the Romans in r________ matters. The early Romans were a highly s___________ people whose beliefs originated from the historical founding of Rome as well as the Etruscans, who had previously dominated the region around Rome. The Romans had a mythos relating to Romulus and Remus, the legendary founders of Rome, and attributed semi-deity status to their kings, but, as they came under Hellenic influence, they began mimicking the Greek pantheon of deities and adopted many Greek gods as their own.(→The Romans had their own mythology, but they later took many gods from the Greeks and made them their o____.) For example, the Greek supreme god Zeus became Jupiter in the Roman pantheon while the Greek god of war Ares became the Roman Mars. In spite of the Greek influence, the Romans maintained their own distinct religious characteristics: They remained extremely superstitious, engaged in animal sacrifices, and allowed the Roman state to c_______ various aspects of their religion. Thus the Romans accepted certain imports from Greece yet managed to keep ______ being Hellenized entirely.

appreciated / enhanced

announced / launched

a very large number of

= imitate

has only recently been formed and is still developing

having low moral standards and being more concerned with pleasure than serious matters

enamor …에 반하게 하다, 호리다, 매혹하다 (주로 수동태)

captivated by / critical of

considerate of / competitive in

imitated from sculptures to a___________

Roman architectural elements that the Greeks never u_____

used when giving your opinion to say that there are good reasons why something might be true

아마 틀림없이

이윽고

= r___________

spire (= spirirt / breathe)

aspire 열망하다

inspire 고무시키다

conspire 함께 작당하다

expire 만료되다

respire 호흡하다

perspire (= sweat)

로물루스《로마의 건설자로 초대 왕; 그 쌍둥이 형제, Remus와 함께 늑대에게 양육되었다 함》.