Cottage Industries

Prior to the Industrial Revolution, which originated in the eighteenth century, people working inside their homes made the majority of the world’s products. These cottage industries were responsible for the creation of a wide range of items, most of which were made by hand from raw materials. , merchants provided workers with the raw materials and then collected the finished products after a set period of time elapsed / had elapsed. Most workers in cottage industries are belonged  / belonged to farming families   and had time to work between the planting and harvesting seasons as well as during winter.(=People who also engaged in farming were most of people that worked in cottage industries) Entire families—and sometimes villages and districts—worked to produce a single product, among them being textiles, lace, furniture, toys, and candles. 1단락

One of the primary advantages of cottage industries was the ability of the workers to get to and from their workplaces quickly. In most cottage industries, people worked in their homes, in a building on their property such as a shed or barn, or in a place relatively close to their homes. This drastically reduced the workers’ travel time, which(, in an age when walking and riding on horses were the main means of land transportation,) was a practical necessity. How useful it was to live and work in the same place became clear at the onset of the Industrial Revolution. Then, factory owners founded dormitories or erected housing near their manufacturing centers the workers / so that /  could / have short / they employed  / , easy commutes.(어순배열) 2단락

Another advantage provided by cottage industries was the centralization of the manufacturing of certain products. As a result, over time, various regions became renowned for the skill of their people in specific industries. For example, in England, the large herds of sheep in the West Country, Yorkshire, and Norwich led to those places dominating / dominated the wool-based textile industry for centuries. This centralization additionally allowed for the easier transporting of raw materials and finished products to and from markets. 3단락

A third advantage of cottage industries was that the working conditions in them were frequently excellent. People were able to rest whenever they wanted, and they had their meals whenever they became hungry. Parents could also care for their young children while they worked in their homes. This was a marked contrast with the Industrial Revolution, which saw the working conditions of people employed at factories decrease so much that exhaustion and illness became enormous problems. While children—some as young as four years of age—often worked alongside their parents in cottage industries, they had far better conditions than the ones that workers toiled in at factories during the Industrial Revolution.(= Even though young children worked in cottage industries， their working conditions were not as bad as those of factory workers during the Industrial Revolution.) Parents were additionally able to pass on their skills to their children, which provided them with the knowledge they needed to earn a living in adulthood.

The only opportunities that had to take time off were on the various holidays or feast days that happened throughout the year

Cottage industries had disadvantages though, particularly with regard to money. Families usually had to pay upfront for the raw materials, which caused them to go into debt. In general, they paid off their debts with their finished products, yet, if they could not manufacture enough products on time, their debt increased. (= Families had to a_________ debt to get the raw materials that they needed) To meet the schedules of the merchants, many people were obligated to work seven days a week. ❶Despite people working as fast as they could, it took a long time to make certain products. ❷In an age in which there was no competition, this was not a problem. ❸However, once industrialization began and factories started turning out similar products at faster rates and in higher numbers, cottage industries simply could not compete with them.❹ (→ Most workers disliked having to work every day of the week T/F?)

The Industrial Revolution, which started in England and then moved to Europe, America, and other parts of the world, was what induced most cottage industries gradually to perish. Thanks to massproduction techniques ←made possible by the invention of various machines, factories could manufacture products faster and cheaper. As a result, many people working in cottage industries lost a lot of business. Having lost their livelihoods, these people often sought work in the very factories that had taken their jobs. Since that time, most products have been made in factories, yet there are still places today where cottage industries exist. They are primarily located in parts of the non-industrialized world but may also be found in developed countries as some individuals create a variety of handmade items—usually traditional arts and crafts—and then sell them at markets or on the Internet.

provide A with B

=       B for/to A

= passed

+ A, B, C, and D

the _____________ of cottage industries

= famous

↔ n

=slave away

솔직한; 맨 앞줄의;눈에 띄는; 선행 투자의, 선불의.

1.한 번

2.(과거) 언젠가

3.…하자마자; …할 때

4. 일단 ~하면 (조동사)

= producing

= prompted