The Iliad and the Odyssey

Two of the earliest works of Western literature are the epic poems the Iliad and the Odyssey, which were c__________ by the Greek poet Homer. The poems focus primarily on the Trojan War and it's a_______ as well as the relationships between mortal / immortal  men and the Greek gods. Nobody knows whether the poems are based on factual events, and whether Homer was real or not is another long-debated matter.(어색한 곳?) (=Homer may not be the _________ of the author of the Illiad and the Odyssey.) Despite questions about their veracity (=       ) and authorship, the Iliad and the Odyssey rank among the greatest works in the Western c_______.

The Trojan War was a ten-year conflict between the i________ Greeks and the d_______ Trojans. The i_________ for the war happened when the Trojan prince Paris—with assistance from the goddess Aphrodite—abducted(=         ) Helen, the world’s most beautiful woman and the wife of the Greek Menelaus. Enraged / Enraging, the greatest Greek warriors joined an army led / leading by Agamemnon, Menelaus’s brother, and sailed to Troy to avenge the i_________ Paris gave / had given them. Homer’s story, told in the Iliad, starts near the war’s end. According to the Iliad, one of the gods has caused the Greek army to fall ________, and the only way to recover is by releasing one of their ___________, the daughter of a priest of the god Apollo. The girl has been claimed / had been claimed by Agamemnon, who / that releases her, but he then takes one of the _________ of Achilles, the greatest Greek warrior, as c___________. Achilles becomes livid (=        ) when Agamemnon seizes the girl Briseis and refuses to battle the Trojans.

Agamemnon assaults the city, but this tactic fails without the p________ of Achilles. The Greek leader offers apologies and gifts to Achilles—including returning Briseis—but, still not m________, Achilles refuses. Achilles’s cousin Patroclus be / to / fight / to / join / begs /  the / allowed (어순배열) . Achilles relents( = give ____) and lends Patroclus his distinctive armor, but Patroclus is killed by Hector, Troy’s greatest warrior and the older brother of Paris, who i________ believes he? has defeated Achilles, Saddened and further enraged, Achilles challenges Hector to single combat, s______ him beneath the walls of Troy, and proceeds to drag Hector’s corpse behind his c_______ as he? circles the city.(= Achilles is eager to a_______ the death of his cousin.) Later that night, thanks to the assistance of the gods, King Priam of Troy enters the Greek camp, finds Achilles, and begs / body / to / returned / his son’s / funeral / for / for / a proper / be.(어순배열) Achilles, t_______ by the old man’s p______, permits Priam to d_______ with Hector’s body.

At that point in the story, the Iliad comes to an end, and subsequent events are covered in the Odyssey. (= ________ is followed by _________)

The Odyssey focuses on the ten-year journey home by Odysseus, the craftiest(= __________) of the Greeks. He is the king of Ithaca and left behind his wife Penelope and young son Telemachus when he sailed off to war. While the Odyssey does not start with the end of the Trojan War, it eventually tells the tale of the _______ of Achilles, the success of the Trojan _________, which was Odysseus’s idea, and the s________ and burning of Troy. After the war, Odysseus and his men set sail for home but are c_______ by the gods Poseidon and Helios, who p_______ them from returning to Ithaca. As they try in ______ to get home, Odysseus and his men have numerous encounters with monsters such as  and the witch Circe. Odysseus himself spends seven years on an island with Calypso, a nymph, where / who he is a virtual prisoner until she _______ and permits his departure. They also survive sailing past the island of the sirens and successfully e_______ the terrible monsters Scylla and Charybdis.

Meanwhile, in Ithaca, Odysseus is believed to have perished, so numerous ______ are competing for Penelope’s hand in marriage. She puts them off in the ______ that Odysseus will / will not return home, and Telemachus sails off in s______ of his father. After ten years, Odysseus’s men have all ______, but he m________ to return home at the same time as Telemachus. They? decide to kill the _______ and warn Penelope of their plan. She __________ that she will marry / marry with the person who is strong enough / enough strong to _______ Odysseus’s great bow and to shoot an arrow with it. Every _______ fails, but Odysseus, who has d_________ himself, successfully s_______ the bow. He promptly shoots a _______ and then he, Telemachus, and some loyal followers slaughter the remaining i___________.