MOUNTAIN AND CONTINENTAL GLACIERS

Glaciers can be roughly divided _____ two very different types: mountain glaciers and continental glaciers. The most well-known type of glacier is the mountain variety, also called an alpine glacier.  Q05(B)  Mountain glaciers form when valleys become filled with ice after years of continuous freezing snow, which condenses into ice and slowly begins its descent down the valley slope.(= created as valleys at high e________ continuously fill with snow) ① The shape taken by mountain glaciers is largely determined by the topography of the area in which they form, and ② in general they are longer than they are wide, ③ due to their gradual momentum in one fairly specific direction. (= Moutain glaciers take the shape of the s___________ area through which they travel, and mostly in a long and n_________ form.) Q05(A)  The shape generally conforms to the rocky passes that they fill as they flow toward lower elevations.(= shaped by the p_____ along which it flows) One exception to this is a type of mountain glacier called a piedmont glacier, which forms at the bottom of a mountain or valley. Because it flows outward rather than in a s_____ direction, it can have more of a circular shape than other mountain glaciers.  Q02   Q05(C)  Because mountain glaciers exist in subarctic climates, they are affected by the elements in ways that continental glaciers are not, sometimes even putting them in danger of collapse.(= e________ to more of nature’s elements) For example, rainfall can melt small portions of mountain glaciers, forming icy streams of water that can, over long periods of time, carve elaborate ice caves ever deeper into the glacier.(= Ice caves can w______ a glacier until parts of it cave in)

Continental glaciers are quite different. As their name suggests, they are massive in size and far more expansive. Today, the only continental glaciers in existence are the ice sheets(얼음판) of the Arctic and Antarctic regions. These continental glaciers formed over millions of years, as layer after layer of snow fell to the Earth and became c___________ into one thick sheet of ice w________ millions of tons. The bedrock of the continent of Antarctica is almost completely covered in glacier ice, with only a few isolated mountain ranges penetrated / penetrating the thick ice sheet.  Q04  In some areas, the ice is so plentiful that it extends beyond the edge of the continent (=an ice sheet extends beyond the l____) and into the o_______, forming what are known as ice shelves(빙붕). On the Antarctic mainland, the ice can reach depths of over a mile.  Q03   Q05(E)  The effect of such a thick, heavy layer of ice is that  it?  depresses the actual land mass so that most of it? is below sea level.(= heavy enough to f_______ the land mass on which it sits  below sea level) The pressure exerting on the deepest layers of the ice sheet by the denser and heavier upper layers cause some of this deeper ice to melt, creating a slippery layer of ice and water below the ice sheet.(어색한 곳 2)  Q05(G) Unlike mountain glaciers, continental glaciers do not flow in any consistent manner, but gravity may cause portions of the continental glacier to slide along the fine bottom layer of ice down any slopes. (= flows in an i_________ fashion)

유의어

condense = 1. If you condense something, especially a piece of writing or speech, you make it shorter, usually by including only the most important parts.  2. When a gas or vapor condenses, or is condensed, it changes into a liquid

elevation = altitude

topography = the study and description of the physical features of an area

piedmont =  the foot of a mountain or mountain range

collapse = fall down

compacted = compressed

penetrate = go through

어휘 |  continental 대륙의    alpine 고산의, 산악의    continuous 지속적인    condense 압축되다, 밀집되다    descent 하강 topography 지형, 지세    conform to ~와 일치하다    elevation 높이, 고도    exception 예외    piedmont 산록 지대 subarctic 북극에 가까운    collapse 붕괴    rainfall 강우    massive 거대한, 큰    expansive 광대한    existence 존재 compacted 압축된    bedrock 기반암    penetrate 뚫다    depress 내리누르다    dense 밀도가 높은    slippery 미끄러운  consistent 일관된