FEEDING MECHANISMS OF MARINE ORGANISMS

The oceans are vast and cover two-thirds of the Earth’s surface.  Q02  They are organized into various layers based on depth and the amount of light received from the Sun.  Q01 Each layer consists of a different mixture of marine species that are adapted / adopted to  its  light levels, pressures, and temperatures. One such adaptation can be found in the feeding behavior of ocean creatures. Marine organisms adopt various types of distinctive features and feeding mechanisms that acclimate to the environment in different zones of the ocean.

Filter-feeding is one of the most common feeding strategies in aquatic habitats where sunlight penetrates the water. This layer of ocean, also known as the sunlight zone, contains plentiful but tiny organisms that are suspended뜻은? in water such as plankton and krill, providing the foundation of the marine food chain. Filter-feeding is a method in which animals take in / out mouthfuls of water, filter in / out  undesirable parts through structures that act as sieves, and  swallow the food left in their mouths. Filter feeders range from small creatures like sponges to enormous mammals like blue whales. Each has its own specialized equipment for filter-feeding. For example, immobile organisms like sponges have a water current system made of chambers and canals for water to flow through them. The system pumps in water, filters the food from the water, then e______ the water out. Baleen whales, instead of teeth, have fringe-like hair called baleen that traps prey and forces out water. Basking sharks and whale sharks have bristle-like gill rakers that strain food as they swim through the water with /on their mouths open.

Unlike the sunlight zone, the deep sea or midnight zone lacks sunlight and is as dark as night.  Q04-1 Deep-sea organisms living in this layer of ocean have evolved different types of feeding mechanisms for survival.  Q03  Due to the absence of photosynthesis, food is  scarce(=    )  and hard to find in deep-sea regions.  Q04-2  As a result, deep-sea creatures have developed physical features to ensure that captured prey has little /a little chance of ________. Some have extremely long fang-like teeth that point inward /outward to trap prey up in their mouths. Furthermore, many have large mouths, huge hinged jaws, and bulky and expandable  stomachs to capture and process large / small quantities food at once. Deep-sea creatures do not expend / expend much energy for swimming in search of food. Instead, they either sit and wait for prey or attract prey using clever adaptations such as lures. Anglerfish have a long fin sprouting from middle of their heads, like a fishing rod.  By wiggling their fins, anglerfish draw prey close enough for them to ingest as whole. Some anglerfish even emit light at the edge of their fins to seduce more quarries.

acclimate = accommodate      seduce = entice, tempt      quarry = prey

어휘 |  adapt 적응시키다, 맞추다    distinctive 독특한, 변별적인    acclimate 적응하다, 순응하다    strategy 전략    habitat 서식지 penetrate 관통하다, 뚫고 들어가다    plentiful 풍부한    krill 크릴 새우    food chain 먹이 사슬    filter-feeding 여과 섭식 undesirable 원하지 않은, 달갑지 않은    sieve 체(가루, 물 등을 거르는데 쓰는 부엌 도구)    sponge 해면, 스펀지    blue whale 흰긴수염고래    immobile 움직이지 않는    water current 해류    baleen whale 수염고래    fringe 실, 솔    prey 먹이, 먹잇감    basking shark 돌묵상어 gill raker 아가미 갈퀴     photosynthesis 광합성    scarce 드문, 진귀한    physical 신체적, 육체의    trap 가두다    jaw 턱    quantity 양 anglerfish 아귀    fin 지느러미    sprout 뻗어 나오다, 자라기 시작하다    fishing rod 낚싯대    wiggle 흔들다    emit 발산하다, 내뿜다 seduce 꾀다, 유혹하다    quarry 사냥감