THE ANCIENT CITY OF PETRA

One of the most amazing relics(=r      ) of the ancient world is Petra, an archaeological site in the country of Jordan. Petra is an ancient city that was literally carved out of the walls of a mountain in a style known as rock-cut architecture. The city was founded in 100 BC by a group of Arab peoples called the Nabataeans, who / that made it the capital city of their kingdom. In ancient times, Petra was a major center of trade in the Middle East, as(이유) it lay / laid at the intersection of several different trade routes. Petra also rose to prominence because of its water supply, which made the desert city habitable. The city sits in a low-lying valley among several large mountains, along the route of several mountain streams.   C   Unfortunately, this also makes it a frequent victim of floods. The Nabataeans, however,(4번 문제힌트) constructed dams and special channels that could  divert =(            )  the water either away from the city or into special holding tanks, where it was stored to be used in times of d________.   D   The fact that Petra had a constant store of water made the city even more popular with passing traders, as they could buy some of the city’s water when it had become / became scarce elsewhere during the dry seasons.

The city had the advantage of being a natural fortress, as it was surrounded on all sides by high mountains. The main entrance to the city, called the siq, was its main point of defense. The siq was a long chasm that cut through(관통하는) the giant sandstone cliffs. It was created by a f______(단층/틈)  in the mountain which had been slowly worn away by water over the years. It was only a few meters wide but stretched for nearly a mile, with towering cliff walls on each side. Visitors had to navigate this long corridor in order to reach the city. The end of the narrow siq opened into the city’s most spectacular ruin, called the treasury. The facade of the treasury was heavily influenced by Greek architecture, with stately columns and sculptures decorating the outward facing wall.  Q02  The city was also home to several ancient tombs, which have since allowed archaeologists to trace the history of  this site (=c    ) according to the style  in which these tombs were built most reflected the early Nabataean style, while others were influenced by later inhabitants such as the Romans and Muslims.

Despite the defenses and riches of the city, the Nabataeans were unable to defend Petra against Roman attacks, and it fell to the Empire(?) in 106 AD, having been under Nabataean rule for just over 200 years. Under Roman rule, the city continued to prosper for a time, as evidenced by the Roman additions to the city’s original architecture.  But when major trade routes began to shift in the fifth century, the city saw a decline in commerce, and it slowly fell into ruin. Islamic forces invaded Petra and took control of the city a hundred years later, and 〈That / What remained of(~로부터 남아있는) Nabataean culture〉 S quickly disappeared V. The city remained largely unknown to the modern Western world until Swiss explorer Johann Burckhardt was shown / showed the ruins by local Bedouins on an 1812 expedition, and reported back to his colleagues in Europe. In 1985, the United Nations named it a World Heritage Site, and it was later also named one of the New Seven Wonders of the World.

make (5형식)구문 ( 목적어와 목적보어의 관계가 주술관계)

make + 목 + 명  / make + 목 + 형 / make + 목 + 동.원

2. 준동사 ( to 부정사 , ~ing, 원형부정사)의 공통점

a. 부정형 – not /never + 준동사

b. 과거형 – to have p.p, having p.p, have p.p(should have p.p)으로 표현

3. relics = remains

divert = redirect

chasm = crack

spectacular = striking

facade = appearance

stately = majestic

prosper = thrive

어휘 |  relic 유적, 유물    archaeological 고고학적인    literally 문자 그대로    carve out of ~을 깎아서 만들다    intersection 교차점 prominence 중요함, 유명    habitable 거주할 수 있는, 살 만한    low-lying 저지대의    divert 방향을 바꾸다    drought 가뭄 fortress 요새    chasm 협곡, 균열    sandstone 사암    fault 균열    spectacular 장관의    ruin 유적    treasury 보물창고, 금고 facade 건물 정면    stately 장엄한, 위풍당당한    inhabitant 거주자, 주민    Muslim 이슬람교도