DADA

The course of Western art forever changed after World War I.  Q03  The brutality and violence of the war effected / affected an entire generation of young poets, writers, painters, and other artists. They were disappointed that Western ideals like peace and democracy had not prevented such violence. The outrage(S) felt by these artists  gave rise to (V) the most subversive art movement (O)the world has / had ever seen. Its practitioners called it Dada, and it stood for everything that art was not; it was, in a sense, “anti-art.”  Q10(C)  Instead of pleasing the tastes of viewers, Dada artists sought to shock and offend them.(= Dada artists did not c_______ to the tastes of audiences)  Q01  Q10(B)  Dadaists sought to challenge people’s traditional beliefs by challenging the ways in which  they  viewed art.(=It opposed mainstream _________ system and traditional forms of art.) Dada artists wanted not only to change the art world, but to change the beliefs and attitudes of the people as well.   Q02  Throughout  its  short history, Dada spread to several cities around the world, taking / taken on a new and unique form wherever it appeared.

Dada was begun by a small group of artists in Zurich, Switzerland.  Q04  Switzerland was neutral in the war, and it was a  refuge =       for people from nearby warring countries such as Germany and Austria. Artists moved to Switzerland both to escape the war and to protest it. The movement centered on a local nightclub called the Cabaret Voltaire, where performance art was the main attraction.  Q05   Q11(D)  In one early performance, poet Hugo Ball read three pieces of experimental poetry while bouncing around the stage in a costume made of cardboard cylinders and a pair of cardboard wings. In short, the performance was completely  absurd=           , and  Q06  audiences left the club both shocked and confused at such disregard for their own pleasure.  This(= the audience’s r_______ to Ball’s performance), of course, was Ball’s intention. Similar performances at the Cabaret included many important artists who would later go on to achieve great fame. One of them was Max Ernst, who, with the help of fellow artists, established a Dada group in Cologne, Germany shortly after the war.

A  From Zurich, some members of the original Dada group moved to New York City to join an already thriving community of Dada artists there.   B   The atmosphere in New York was much different from (      ) of Zurich and Cologne.   C    Q07-1   Q12  New York artists practiced what was perhaps the most playful form of Dada to date ( 그때까지 ).   D   These artists(힌트) were less burdened by the violence in Europe, and the result was this relatively carefree attitude.  Q07-2  Whereas cynicism played a major role in European Dada, irony and humor were important to the New York scene.(=It was more l___________명랑한 than other version) The basic goals, however, remained the same: the creation of anti-art that challenged the beliefs of mainstream society.  Q11(A)  French artist Marcel Duchamp created one of the best-known artworks here, a sculpture called Fountain, which featured an overturned bathroom urinal. Audiences reacted with disgust to the piece, and the work was almost universally reviled by the mainstream art community. However, it did spark a great deal of lively debate,  as the artist had hoped it would.

Q10(D)  Artists in Paris had been closely following the work of various Dada groups around the world, but a real movement of Dada did not begin in Paris until 1920, when several of the  movement’s original members moved there. For many years prior to this, the city had held a stronger reputation for its literature than for its art. However, once an array of artists began pouring into the city, Dada succeeded in Paris more than in any other city.  Q10(A)-1 Writers such as Andre Breton took up the cause of the Dadaists and published essays on the Dada philosophy.  Q10(A)-2   Q11(C)  French painter Jean Crotti held the first exhibition of Dada paintings at the Society of Independent Artists.  Q10(A)-3  Composer Erik Satie  collaborated  with Pablo Picasso and others to create one of the most bizarre and scandalous ballets of the time.(= It involved a wide s_______ of art ranging from literature and fine art to ballet.)  Whereas most ballets include graceful dancing and beautiful music, Satie and Picasso’s ballet featured Cubist-style sets, an orchestra of noisemaking instruments, and costumes so large and awkward that few of the dancers could move with ease. Despite the wide array of art produced in Paris, the Dada movement began to go out of style in 1922, and by 1924 it had all but disappeared. Though Dada may be gone, the lasting influence of Dada can still be found in modern styles of music such as punk rock, and it is also alive and well in many modern art films.

1. had hoped to+ 동사원형 = hoped to have p.p

/ had wished to+ 동사원형 = wished to have p.p  ( ~하고 싶었지만 못했다)

2. outrage = anger     subversive = riotous   refuge = shelter

absurd = preposterous, unreasonable   revile = show hatred   bizarre = weird

scandalous = disgraceful

어휘 |  brutality 잔인성    outrage 분노    subversive 전복적인    taste 취향    offend 불쾌감을 주다    challenge 도전하다    unique 독특한 performance art 행위예술    absurd 터무니없는    disregard 경시    intention 의도    establish 창설하다    thrive 번성하다, 잘 자라다 cynicism 냉소주의    irony 아이러니    overturned 뒤집힌    urinal 소변기    disgust 혐오감, 반감    revile 경멸하다    spark 발단이 되다 reputation 명성, 평판    array 다수    pour 몰려들다    collaborate 협력하다  bizarre 기괴한  scandalous 물의를 빚는 graceful 우아한    awkward 어색한