THE ILIAD AND THE ODYSSEY

The Greek poet Homer is widely held(= c         )to be the earliest and most important Greek writer. His works were written at a turning pointing in Greek history when / which verse was turning from an oral tradition to written words. At the same time, Greek society was developing and changing, and ideas of social organization, economics, philosophy, and politics were emerging and evolving. Many of these ideas went on to form(결과) important and defining elements upon which (=       ) Western civilization developed. Consequently, Homer’s works not only mirrored the ideas of his contemporaries, ____ ______ went on to greatly influence Western literature.

Q01 Nothing  definitive (=        )  is known of Homer the man; indeed, there is much conjecture as to whether he really existed. Numerous scholars have shown that except for the works the Iliad and the Odyssey, other works attributed to him may have been written by anonymous writers. It was not uncommon for writers to attribute epic poems to be / being “of Homer,” further obscuring the issue.  Furthermore, the stories bear many similarities to popular oral poems and stories, so that some scholars argue that his poems were merely amalgamations(아말감?) of numerous oral stories. What is roundly accepted S,  /though, / is V that C the Iliad and the Odyssey share many stylistic similarities, enough(역할?) that  C2 they appear to be written by the same author.

Q02   Q04(D)  For the Greeks, Homer’s works the Iliad and the Odyssey highlighted and celebrated how they had become the dominant power in the Mediterranean region. (= Greeks saw both as s_________ of Greece’s domination in the Mediterranean region) The former?  is essentially a story of military dominance.  Q05(G)  It tells of the Mycenaean victory at Troy, which was a battle for control of a valuable sea passage.  Q05(F)  Many of the characters in the Iliad choose military glory over family life, willingly sacrificing the chance to live a long life with those they love.  Q05(E)  The Odyssey, on the other hand, focuses more on characteristics and attributes(상징) that Greeks should aspire to.  Q05(B)  One of the most important values in the Odyssey is loyalty, as Odysseus’s devotion for / to his family, his country, and his god is unwavering. This value stands out continuously during the course of the book by describing the faithful wife waiting patiently for years for her husband to return, and the hero who acts courageously and  honorably for his country.  Q05(A)  It also described in great detail the gods and how they behaved, in effect(사실상) setting /set  the template(=s__________) for how we understand Greek mythology today.

Q04(A)  In this way, Homer’s epic poems became a template for the further stories of Greece’s rise to power in the region. (= The Iliad and The Odyssey became the g________ for further stories of Greece’s dominance.)Homer’s work was written as Greek civilization was emerging, and thus his writings capture many of the ideas and beliefs that would come to be defining elements of Western civilization. We see in his writings examples of the common good ① outweighing the power of the individual, the obligations② that men have to their leaders, and obligations③ that women and men have to each other.  Q03  The stories are, in a sense, morality tales that show how one should behave in the new civilization the Greeks were forging. Homer’s writings have also gone on to influence countless forms of western literature, from Don Quiote to recent films such as O Brother Where Art Thou? (= the moral beliefs in Homer’s stories corresponded to c_____________ moral standards)

mirror = reflect definitive = decisive conjecture = guess anonymous = unknown attribute = ascribe / property amalgamation = merger aspire = long for	devotion = dedication unwavering = decisive template = model, example outweigh = override obligation = duty forge = form`

어휘 |  poet 시인    verse 시, 운문    oral tradition 구전    philosophy 철학    politics 정치    contemporary 동시대인, 동시대의 literature 문학    definitive 확실한, 확정적인    conjecture 추측    anonymous 익명의    scholar 학자    merely 단지 amalgamation 병합    dominant 지배적인    region 지역    dominance 지배    sacrifice 희생하다    unwavering 변함없는, 확고한    stand out 두드러지다    mythology 신화