THE TRANSCONTINENTAL RAILROAD

Before the middle of the nineteenth century, major trading centers only existed along America’s coastlines, in large port towns where much of the population was concentrated. However, as more  settlers moved westward, cities sprang up along the frontier, and new centers of trade began to open in the interior of the United States. Unfortunately, the development of effective overland  transportation lagged behind (= couldn’t ______ ____ with) this rapid westward e_________.  The construction of canals helped, but they were limited in the amount of goods they could transport and did not extend past the Mississippi River.  Q01 (In order) to solve this problem, it was determined that a major railroad system into the West would be  indispensable = n              .

By 1828, some short rail lines had already constructed / been constructed, though they were designed only to connect major cities within the same region, like New York and Boston. Several companies had provided railroads as far as Indiana and Missouri by the middle of the century, but pressure was mounting to  construct a railway   that would lead all the way from the East Coast to California.

Such a feat(업적) required c____________ between the federal government and private companies. Several projects took shape in the 1840s, when surveyors began to plot different competing routes from Mid-American railroad stations to territories in the West, such as Oregon and California. To resolve these differences and devise a plan for an official railroad, the government conducted its own study, the Pacific Railroad Survey, which compared / was compared all of the potential routes.  Q02  The government decided to provide funding for a railroad that ran from Nebraska to Utah, where it would meet up with a second railway that would be built from Utah to California. Two companies were c_______________(임명되다) by the government to build the railroads: the Union Pacific Company would build the eastern half, while the Central Pacific Company would build the western section.

Q03  Construction began in 1862, but the outbreak of the Civil War slowed progress considerably on the Union Pacific line when workers were called away to serve in the army. However, workers further west on the Central Pacific were able to continue construction in Utah and California. For this reason, the Central Pacific Railroad advanced far more quickly than the Union Pacific. (= the West during a Civil War did not play / played a large role in the conflict.) A compromise was made to extend the Central Pacific further to the east, to make up for the time lost / losing building the Union Pacific line. The lines finally met one another in 1869, at the newly determined junction in Promontory, Utah.  A   The transcontinental railroad was completed before there was s__________(실제적인) need for its services.   B    Q04  In the early years, one train a week was all (that) it took to deliver all the supplies needed by settlers in the West.   C   Thus, expansion of the rail system could hardly be justified. However, as settlements in the West expanded, so did the railroad. By the 1880s, new rail lines ran the entire length of the West Coast, from Washington state in the north to Los Angeles in the south.   D

1. keep up with vs. catch up on/with

- keep up with : 따라가다 / follow보다 의미전달이 잘 됨 진행되고 있는 것을 놓치지 않고 따라가다.

전체적인 흐름을 놓치지 않음

EX) keep up with the class/course ,keep up with everyone else, keep up with the lastest fashion

- catch up on : 놓친 부분/내용을 확인하다 놓친 부분을 채우고 만회하는 늬앙스가 내포

check 보다 적절함

* catch up with + 사람 : 따라 잡다, 체포하다.

2. lag behind <-> keep up with

indispensable = necessary

feat = accomplishment, achievement

plot = plan

resolve = clear up, solve

devise= design, contrive

commission= authorize

considerable= substantial

compromise = agreement

make up for = compensate for

어휘 |  population 인구    westward 서쪽으로    spring up 생겨나다    overland 육상[육로]의    lag behind ~보다 뒤처지다 expansion 발전, 확장    construction 건설    canal 운하    indispensable 필수적인    mount 증가하다    cooperation 협력 federal government 연방 정부    private 민간의    resolve 해결하다    devise 고안하다    potential 가능한    funding 자금 meet up with ~와 만나다    commission 위탁하다    outbreak (전쟁의) 발발    considerably 상당히    serve (군대에) 복무하다 compromise 절충안, 타협    substantial 거대한, 상당한    deliver 운반하다, 수송하다